INTRODUCTION TO FOUNDATION


INTRODUCTION TO FOUNDATION

In any type of structure, it have two parts (sub structure and super structure).
1. Substructure:-The part of structure which built below the ground level.
2. Super structure: - The structure that build above the ground level.
Foundation is comes under the sub structure which transfer the load of super structure to the ground.
There are two type of foundation.
1. Shallow foundation
2. Deep foundation
1. Shallow foundation: - When the soil below ground level has sufficient strength in upper level or short depth. That means shallow foundation is a foundation which transfer the load to the earth very small below the ground level.
TYPE OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION
1. Plane concrete footing
2. Isolated footing/Spread/Individual
3. Combined footing
4. Strip footing
5. Strip foundation or wall footing
6. Raft or mat foundation



1. Plane concrete footing: - When the brick foundation is given to the structure below the wall the plane concrete footing is given to uniformly distributed the load of wall to the foundation. Now this type of foundation is not in use because of many reasons like that now RCC column is given to home, the cost was very high.etc

2. Isolated footing: - This type of footing provide below earth to distribute the loads to the soil. This type of footing is used to support single column. When the columns are relatively in long distance as well as the bearing capacity of the soil is good.                The isolated footing has some types like
     A.Uniform and Rectangular footing.


     B. Stepped and rectangular footing.


C.Sloped and Rectangular footing.


3. Combined footing: - When the columns are to closer to each other so that the individual footing will overlap or will so close the combined footing are provided.
Some time the central beam is provided with footing and sometime not.

4. Strip footing: - when the load on the columns are very high and the footing does not overlap to each other the strip (beam) is provided between the column bases so that the load can distribute


5. Raft or Mat foundation:-When the all columns of the building have the single foundation if the load is very high or the soil condition is not good

2. Deep foundation:-It used to transfer the load to deep in the ground .In this the depth is larger than the width of footing. If the soil has louse strata the deep foundation is provided so that the soil can easily bear the load of structure.
PILE FOUNDATION: - Pile foundation is constructed if the strata of the soil are not very good to bear the load of the structure. Pile is basically small diameter column which constructed by the means of equipments in the ground until the hard soil or the rock is not found in the ground.



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Comments

  1. UnknownApril 4, 2020 at 5:29 AM

    Very nisn sir, A house is dream of every common people and it's construction depends on it's foundation and footing. While Sharing your view rigarding foundetion and footing you solved many people confusion. I admire your work thanks a lot.

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